In this lab, we flipped coins to determine the alleles of multiple offspring. Coins serve as a model for genetic concepts by providing the randomness of x-linked inheritance. In the multiple labs, we flipped coins to determine the sex of offspring, colorblindness, bipolar disorder, an autosomal dominant disorder, and the hair color and eye color. Flipping the coins demonstrated meiosis and the chromosomes separating individually.
In the monohybrid cross simulations, we flipped coins to determine the sex of offsrping, whether or not offspring will have bipolar disorder, and whether or not offspring will be colorblind.
In the dihybrid cross simulation, we looked at hair and eye color of the offspring of two double heterozygous individuals. The probability of getting a blonde hair, blue eyed child from two double heterozygous parents was 1 of 16. For the child to have blonde hair and blue eyes, both genes for hair color and eye color had to be homozygous recessive.
Even though the expected probability of getting a blonde hair, blue eyed child was 1 out of 16, we got two blonde hair, blue eyed children. Although the expected ratio of brown hair,brown eyes:brown hair,blue eyes:blonde hair,brown eyes:blonde hair,blue eyes was 9:3:3:1, the ratio of our results was 7:3:4:2. We found that this demonstrates that although the expected ratio may be one thing, the results won't always be exactly the same as what is expected.
The limit of using probability to predict traits of offspring is that although you can get the possible phenotypes of the offspring, you will never be certain what the alleles will be, unless the parents are both homozygous recessive or homozygous dominant.
Understanding recombination and probability of genes and alleles helps me determine what possible alleles of an offspring could be. It also shows how random meiosis is and demonstrates Mendel's Laws of Independent Assortment and Segregation.
In the monohybrid cross simulations, we flipped coins to determine the sex of offsrping, whether or not offspring will have bipolar disorder, and whether or not offspring will be colorblind.
In the dihybrid cross simulation, we looked at hair and eye color of the offspring of two double heterozygous individuals. The probability of getting a blonde hair, blue eyed child from two double heterozygous parents was 1 of 16. For the child to have blonde hair and blue eyes, both genes for hair color and eye color had to be homozygous recessive.
Even though the expected probability of getting a blonde hair, blue eyed child was 1 out of 16, we got two blonde hair, blue eyed children. Although the expected ratio of brown hair,brown eyes:brown hair,blue eyes:blonde hair,brown eyes:blonde hair,blue eyes was 9:3:3:1, the ratio of our results was 7:3:4:2. We found that this demonstrates that although the expected ratio may be one thing, the results won't always be exactly the same as what is expected.
The limit of using probability to predict traits of offspring is that although you can get the possible phenotypes of the offspring, you will never be certain what the alleles will be, unless the parents are both homozygous recessive or homozygous dominant.
Understanding recombination and probability of genes and alleles helps me determine what possible alleles of an offspring could be. It also shows how random meiosis is and demonstrates Mendel's Laws of Independent Assortment and Segregation.
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